Introduction:
Guar gum
India is native of guar or cluster bean where it is used as
a vegetable. From hundreds of years Guar has been used as vegetable in India.
It is also used as a cattle food, and as a green manure crop in agriculture.
Guar gum comes from the endosperm of the seed of the legume plant Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba; an annual plant, grown in dry regions of India as a food crop
for animals. There are various grades of Guar gums pure or derivative. Guar gum
is a white to creamy coloured, free flowing powder and free from extraneous
matter. Its ability to suspend solids, bind water by hydrogen bonding, control
the viscosity of aqueous solutions, form strong tough films have accounted for
its rapid growth and use in various industries. For example guar gum is used in paper, textile, oil drilling, mining,
explosives, ore flotation and other various industrial applications.
The growing season of guar is 14 -16 weeks and requires reasonably warm weather and moderate flashing rainfall with plenty of sunshine. Too much rain can cause the plant to become more 'leafy' resulting thereby reducing the number of pods or the number of seeds per pod which affects the size and yield of seeds. The crop is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the second half of July to early August and is harvested in late October early November. The Guar is a naturally rain fed crop. Depending on the monsoon rainfall the total size of Guar crop varies from year to year. After harvesting, when the pods become dry through sunlight, they are beaten off and during this process, the seeds come out of the pods.
The growing season of guar is 14 -16 weeks and requires reasonably warm weather and moderate flashing rainfall with plenty of sunshine. Too much rain can cause the plant to become more 'leafy' resulting thereby reducing the number of pods or the number of seeds per pod which affects the size and yield of seeds. The crop is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the second half of July to early August and is harvested in late October early November. The Guar is a naturally rain fed crop. Depending on the monsoon rainfall the total size of Guar crop varies from year to year. After harvesting, when the pods become dry through sunlight, they are beaten off and during this process, the seeds come out of the pods.
Varieties:
a)
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Hydroxy Alkylated Guar gum
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b)
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Carboxy Methylated Guar gum
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c)
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Oxidised Guar gum
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d)
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Acetates of Guar gum
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e)
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Cationic derivatives of Guar gum
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f)
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Sulphated Guar gum
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g)
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Guar gum formate
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h)
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Guar gum acryl amide
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i)
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Borate cross linked Guar gum
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j)
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Reticulated Guar gum
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Areas of Cultivation:
The main areas of cultivation of Guargum in India are
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana , Punjab , Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh , Tamil Nadu , Maharashtra , Karnataka ,
Andhra Pradesh.
India Facts and Figures :
India is the major exporter of guargum to the world; it
exports various forms of Guar products to a large number of countries. The
country has exported 7,07,326.42 MT of guargum to the world for the worth of
Rs. 16,523.83 crores during the year 2011-12.
Major Export Destinations (2011-12)
:United States, China P RP, Germany, Russia and Australia.
Thanks APEDA
Thanks APEDA
